DYNAMICS OF SHARIA LAW TAQNIN IN ACEH 2013-2017: ANALYSIS OF REGULATIVE POLICIES AND SOCIAL REALITY
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of Sharia law taqnin in Aceh between 2013 and 2017. There has been a significant shift in public discourse towards establishing Sharia-based written laws and regulations during this period, notably the Aceh Qanun. Aceh Governor Regulations, Circulars, and Instructions are the foundation for implementing Sharia. Derived from the Quran, Sunnah, and fiqh doctrine, Sharia law was formalized through legislation by the Aceh People's Representative Council (DPRA) into Aceh Qanun. The research employed the normative juridical method, utilizing conceptual and statutory approaches. Data sources included primary and secondary legal data and tertiary legal materials. The data analysis was juridical, and the results indicated that Sharia law taqnin in 2013-2017 led to the creation of seven Aceh Qanuns directly related to sharia implementation. These Qanuns, along with other laws and regulations formulated during that period, addressed sensitive issues such as the law of jinayat, jinayat procedure, and the establishment of laws regarding houses of worship. The formulation of these sensitive legal regulations sparked intense public discourse and debate, resulting in two opposing viewpoints. One perspective advocated for all Sharia teachings to be derived from the Quran, Sunnah, and fiqh doctrine and codified in written laws and regulations, arguing that the government should implement Sharia within the framework of the national legal system. The other perspective argued against the complete formalization of legal norms from the quran, sunnah, and fiqh norms in written rules, citing concerns about the potential violation of human rights by the state apparatus through the imposition of religious law. This research suggests that sharia law taqnin, as per Article 125 of the LoGA, is a response to the social reality of the Acehnese people's desire for comprehensive Sharia implementation. State involvement is necessary to realize the comprehensive implementation of Sharia in Aceh.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkapkan dinamika taqnin hukum syariah di Aceh dalam rentang waktu 2013-2017. Dalam rentang waktu tersebut telah terbentuk narasi publik yang cukup tajam terhadap pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan tertulis berbasis syariah yaitu Qanun Aceh, Peraturan Gubernur Aceh, Edaran Gubernur dan Instruksi Gubernur Aceh sebagai landasan pelaksanaan syariat Islam. Hukum syariah yang bersumber dari al-Qur’an, al-Sunnah, dan doktrin fiqh diformalkan melalui proses taqnin (legislasi) pada lembaga Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Aceh (DPRA) yang melahirkan Qanun Aceh. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan konseptual dan perundang-undangan. Sumber data terdiri atas data berbahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis yuridis. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa taqnin hukum syariah dalam rentang waktu 2013-2017 telah melahirkan 7 (tujuh) Qanun Aceh yang terkait laingsung tentang pelaksanaan syariat Islam. Qanun Aceh dan peraturan perundang-undangan lain yang dibentuk dalam rentang waktu tersebut dominan mengatur aspek sensitif seperti hukum jinayat, hukum acara jinayat, hukum pendirian rumah ibadah dan lain-lain. Perumusan aturan hukum yang bersifat sensitif ini telah melahirkan narasi dan diskusi publik yang tajam, sehingga melahirkan dua kutub pemikiran. Kutub pemikiran pertama, menghendaki agar seluruh ajaran syariah yang bersumber dari al-Qur’an, Sunnah dan doktrin fiqh dituangkan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan tertulis. Alasannya, syariat Islam dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah dalam kerangka sistem hukum nasional. Kutub pemikiran kedua, norma hukum dalam al-Qur’an, al-Sunnah dan doktrin fiqh tidak perlu seluruhnya diformalkan dalam aturan tertulis karena muncul kekhawatiran adanya pemaksaan hukum agama oleh aparatur negara, sehingga dapat berpotensi pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM). Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa taqnin hukum syariah merupakan amanh dari Pasal 125 UUPA, dan sekaligus sebagai wujud respon dari realitas sosial masyarakat Aceh yang menghendaki pelaksnaan syariat Islam secara kaffah. Keterlibatan negara merupakan keniscayaan untuk terwujudnya pelaksanaan Syariat Islam secara menyeluruh di Aceh.
Kata Kunci: Taqnin, Hukum Syariah, Kebijakan Regulatif Dan Realitas Sosial
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