ANALYSIS OF THE SCOPE OF HUMAN RIGHTS BASED ON THE HADITHS

Abstract

Some scholars and human rights activists outside of Islam have extensively expressed opinions and sharp criticisms regarding the Islamic way, particularly in the context of human rights. In their actions, many human rights activists outside of Islam have accused the Islamic world of human rights violations in countries implementing Islamic law (Islamic Sharia), such as in several Islamic nations. In several incidents like in Aceh, it has rapidly become apparent that Aceh is not lenient in upholding human rights in the enforcement of Sharia law, including punishments like flogging, stoning, and the cutting off of hands. This article aims to address the concept of human rights in Islam, especially in the sayings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), the scope of human rights concepts in Islam, and the coverage of human rights in the sayings of Prophet Muhammad. The research employs a document analysis method using the texts of the Qur'an and hadiths, utilizing a philosophical approach and analyzing through content analysis methods. The findings of this article can be summarized, including that Islam is a religion that advocates for human rights and vehemently opposes their violations. The scope of Islamic human rights is extensive, not confined solely to the human rights of individuals but also extending to the rights of creatures other than humans, such as animals, plants, structures, and the entire environment. Islamic human rights, as per the sayings of the Prophet, are not only applicable during times of war but also in peaceful conditions, such as in business and other interactions. Even in worship, human rights are regulated to ensure the preservation of the rights of every individual's body.

Abstrak: Sebagian ilmuan dan pegiat Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) di luar Islam telah banyak  melontarkan pendapat dan kritikan pedas terhadap ajaran Islam khusus nya dalam persoalan HAM. Dalam aksinya, tidak sedikit pegiat HAM di luar Islam telah melancarkan tuduhan kepada dunia Islam, berupa pelanggaran HAM di negara-negara Islam melalui pelaksanaan hukum Islam (Syariat Islam) seperti di beberapa negara Islam, dan term asuk provinsi Aceh di Indonesia. Dalam beberapa peristiwa di Aceh khususnya telah berkembang dengan pesat bahwa Aceh tidak ramah HAM dalam penegakan hukum syariat seperti hukuman cambuk, Rajam, dan Had. Artikel ini bertujuan menjawab bagaimana konsep HAM dalam Islam khususnya dalam Hadis Nabi, bagaimana cakupan konsep HAM dalam Islam dan bagaimana cakupan HAM dalam Hadis Nabi Saw. Artikel menggunakan metode telaah dokumen yaitu teks al-Qur'an dan hadis, dengan pendekataan filosofis dan dianalisis dengan metode content analysis. Hasil telaahnya dapat dikemukakan bahwa Islam adalah agama yang ramah HAM, cakupan HAM Islam sangat luas berupa adanya perhatian kepada hak asasi makhluk selain manusia, seperti hewan dan tumbuhan, bangunan dan lingkungan secara keseluruhan. HAM versi Islam tidak hanya untuk diterapkan dalam perang, tetapi juga dalam kondisi aman, seperti dalam kehidupan berbisnis dan interaksi lainnya.

Kata Kunci: Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM), Islam, Hadis Nabi