NORMATIVE JUSTICE AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SHARIA ECONOMIC LAW DISPUTES: QUESTIONING LAW CERTAINTY AND JUSTICE
Abstract
The academic problem stems from the outcomes of decisions issued by Religious Court concerning sharia economic disputes, which fail to meet the criteria of certainty and justice, both at the normative (book in law) and implementation (law in action) levels. The losing parties can only file objections for simple cases and submit an appeal, which contradicts the principle of direct justice (speedy trial). Therefore, This research aims to analyze this issue. The theoretical frameworks employed in this research include the theories of legal certainty and justice, sulh theory, and the theory of judicial power. The findings of the research demonstrate that for the decisions of judges regarding Sharia economic disputes in Religious Courts to meet the requirements of legal certainty and justice, they must adhere to Sharia principles, including: refraining from making things difficult (‘adam al-haraj), reducing burdens (taqlil al-taklif), periodically determining laws, and in line with universal benefit and ensuring equality and justice (al-musawah wa al-ilah). Additionally, the decisions of the panel of judges in examining, deciding and resolving the case are guided by government laws/regulations, Perma, KHES, and Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and the judge's ijtihad
Abstrak: Problem akademik bermula dari hasil produk putusan yang dikeluarkan oleh Pengadilan Agama berkaitan dengan sengketa ekonomi syariah, belum memenuhi unsur kepastian dan keadilan, baik dari tataran hukum normatif (book in law) maupun implementatif (law in action). Para pihak yang kalah hanya dapat mengajukan keberatan untuk perkara sederhana dan mengajukan banding. Sehingga hal tersebut bertolak belakang dengan asas contante justitie (speedy trial). Sehingga tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tentang hal tersebut. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini antara lain teori kepastian dan keadilan hukum, teori sulh, serta teori kekuasaan kehakiman. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa hasil putusan Hakim berkaitan dengan sengketa ekonomi syariah di Pengadilan Agama agar memenuhi unsur kepastian dan keadilan hukum harus merujuk pada prinsip syariah, meliputi : tidak mempersulit (‘adam al-haraj), mengurangi beban (taqlil al-taklif), penetapan hukum secara periodik, sejalan dengan kemaslahatan universal, dan persamaan dan keadilan (al-musawah wa al-adalah). Selain itu hasil putusan majelis hakim dalam memeriksa, memutus dan menyelesaikan perkara tersebut dilakukan dengan merujuk pada Undang-undang/peraturan pemerintah, Perma, KHES, dan fiqh islam dan ijtihad hakim.
Kata Kunci: Keadilan Normatif Dan Implementatif, Sengketa Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Kepastian dan Keadilan Hukum
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