FAILURE OF CRIMINAL LAW IN RECOVERING STATE LOSSES DUE TO CRIMINAL ACTS OF CORRUPTION
Abstract
The effectiveness of recovering state financial losses resulting from acts of corruption remains below expectations. In 2022, the number of decisions observed by ICW significantly increased (2,056 decisions with 2,249 defendants). In 2022, the average prison sentence for corruption offenders in 2022 was 3 years and 4 months, amounting to a state expenditure of IDR. 48,786,368,945,194.70 (IDR. 48.786 trillion). This article aims to describe the failures of Indonesian criminal law to recover state assets and analyse the causes and consequences stemming from these shortcomings. This research was based on qualitative research by conducting legislative studies and literature studies. The results reveal a persistent failure to recover state financial losses, characterized by the increasing unrecovered losses year by year. This trend is attributed to a legal vacuum regarding retrieving state financial losses. The existing legal framework is deemed inadequate or insufficient to facilitate confiscating assets belonging to corruptors, thereby constraining judges in rendering appropriate sentences for the restitution of state losses. Consequently, this situation impedes equitable economic development and deters foreign investors, as ruling elites and conglomerates exploit resources to benefit certain groups. In conclusion, the current formulation of criminal law falls short in addressing the legal requirements for recovering state financial losses due to corruption. Therefore, it is recommended to expedite the passage of the Asset Confiscation Bill to rectify these deficiencies and enhance the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures.
Abstrak: Efektivitas pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara akibat tindak pidana korupsi masih jauh dari harapan. Pada tahun 2022, jumlah putusan yang berhasil diamati oleh ICW bertambah secara fundamental, yakni 2.056 putusan dengan 2.249 terdakwa. Pada tahun 2022, pelaku korupsi rata-rata pidana penjara selama 3 tahun 4 bulan yang merugikan negara sebesar Rp.48.786.368.945.194,70 (Rp48,786 triliun). Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk kegagalan hukum pidana Indonesia dalam Upaya pengembalian aset negara serta menganalisis faktor penyebab dan akibat yang ditimbulkan akibat kegagalan hukum pidana dalam upaya pengembalian aset negara. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada penelitian kualitatif dengan melakukan studi perundang-undangan dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk kegagalan pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara ditandai dengan semakin meningkatnya nilai kerugian negara yang tidak dikembalikan dari tahun ke tahun. Hal ini akibat dari kekosongan hukum yang dapat diterapkan dalam upaya pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara dikarenakan formulasi hukum yang berlaku sudah tidak relevan atau tidak dapat menjangkau untuk dilakukan perampasan aset koruptor sehingga hakim memiliki keterbatasan dalam memvonis kaitannya dengan pengembalian kerugian negara. Hal ini berdampak terhadap terhambatnya pembangunan ekonomi yang berkeadilan serta menghambat investor asing disebabkan penguasa bersama konglomerat menjadikan lahan untuk menguntungkan kelompok tertentu. Penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa formulasi hukum pidana tidak dapat mengakomodir kebutuhan hukum terkait pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara akibat korupsi, sehingga direkomendasikan untuk segera mengesahkan Rancangan Undang-Undang Perampasan Aset.
Kata Kunci: Kegagalan Hukum pidana, Pengembalian Kerugian Keuangan Negara, Tindak Pidana Korupsi.
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