CONSIDERING DEBT IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF MAQASID AL-SHARIAH: MASLAHAH VERSUS MAFSADAH
Abstract
Debt in Islamic tradition is accepted as an instrument to fulfill necessities for the needy. Islam has made it explicit that one of the trial for man is poverty or having inadequate resources to pursue his living. Therefore, debt is considered as an essential instrument that should not be dismissed for various reasons. Instead of viewing it negatively or as something immoral, Islam comes to regulate the practice by envisaging some rules and ethics and highlighting the appropriate measurement in the light of its impact. This article attempts to explore the Islamic perspective on debt by using maqāṣid al-Shari’ah (objectives of Shariah). In this perspective, debt will be analyzed based on the impact on maslahah (benefit) and mafsadah (harm) in fulfilling the necessities of life and improving welfare. This study uses library research by systematically review the literature from the references for a comprehensive analysis of the discourse. The classification of objective and impact of having debt, proposed in this study, can be a framework of analysis for the justification of debt.
Abstrak: Hutang dalam tradisi Islam dianggap sebagai sesuatu yang lumrah dalam kehidupan manusia. Hutang tidak dapat dihindari dalam kehidupan manusia karena berbagai alasan. Oleh karena itu, Islam tidak melarang atau memandang hutang secara negatif sebagai sesuatu yang tidak bermoral, Islam justru mengatur praktik tersebut dengan menerapkan beberapa aturan dan etika serta pengukuran yang tepat dalam kaitannya dengan dampak yang ditimbulkan. Artikel ini mencoba mengeksplorasi perspektif Islam tentang utang dengan menggunakan maqāṣid al-Shari'ah (tujuan Syariah). Dalam perspektif ini, hutang akan dianalisis berdasarkan dampaknya terhadap maslahah (manfaat) dan mafsadah (keburukan) dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup dan peningkatan kesejahteraan. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kepustakaan dengan cara mengkaji literatur secara sistematis dari referensi untuk dilakukan analisis wacana secara komprehensif. Klasifikasi tujuan dan dampak memiliki utang yang diusulkan dalam penelitian ini dapat menjadi kerangka analisis justifikasi utang.
Kata Kunci: Hutang, Maqasid al-Syariah, Maslahah, Mafsadah
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