THE CONCEPTION OF PEOPLE'S SOVEREIGNTY IN INDONESIA: MOHAMMAD HATTA'S THOUGHT APPROACH
Abstract
This study employs a doctrinal legal research method, employing a historical and conceptual approach, mainly focusing on popular sovereignty as articulated by Hatta, one of the nation's founding figures. Sovereignty of the people is a principle embedded in paragraph IV of the preamble to the opening of the 1945 Constitution. However, the concept of popular sovereignty developed in Indonesia diverges from the Western concept outlined by Rousseau. This research is doctrinal legal research using historical and conceptual approaches, mainly focusing on popular sovereignty as articulated by Hatta, one of the nation's founding figures. The findings of this research illustrate that the concept of popular sovereignty in Indonesia must be rooted in indigenous Indonesian cultures and characterized by a collectivist pattern. Here, collectivism is regarded as a means to accommodate the diverse regional characteristics of Indonesian population. Conceptually, the people's sovereignty adopted by the Indonesian state contains five principles grouped into two fundamental principles: the essential principle encompassing freedom and equality and the procedural principle governing the implementation of popular sovereignty, including the principles of majority vote, accountability, and territoriality. The principle of territoriality emerged from one of Hatta's aspirations for popular sovereignty, aiming to mitigate cultural nationalism and foster a bottom-up democracy that embraces the noble values inherent in Indonesian society.
Abstrak: Kedaulatan rakyat merupakan prinsip yang ditanamkan ke dalam alinea ke IV preambule pembukaan UUD 1945. Namun konsepsi kedaulatan rakyat yang dikembangkan di Indonesia merupakan konsep yang berbeda dengan yang dikembangkan di dunia Barat menurut ajaran Rousseau. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum doktrinal dengan menggunakan pendekatan sejarah dan pendekatan konseptual yaitu gagasan kedualatan rakyat berdasarkan pemikiran Hatta sebagai salah satu tokoh pendiri bangsa. Di mana hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa konsepsi kedaulatan rakyat yang dikembangkan di Indonesia harus mengakar kepada kultur kebudayaan asli Indonesia yang bercorak kolektivisme, kolektivisme di sini dipandang sebagai cara untuk mengakomodir keberagaman masyarakat di Indonesia yang terikat dengan corak kedaerahan masing-masing. Secara konsepsi, kedaulatan rakyat yang dianut negara Indonesia memuat 5 prinsip yang dikelompokkan ke dalam 2 prinsip dasar yaitu prinsip esensial yang memuat prinsip kebebasan dan prinsip kesataraan, serta prinsip prosedural dari pelaksanaan kedaulatan rakyat yang memuat prinsip suara mayoritas, prinsip pertanggungjawaban, dan prinsip teritorial. Prinsip teritorial merupakan temuan yang dikembangkan dari salah satu cita-cita kedaulatan rakyat bagi Hatta yaitu menghilangkan nasionalisme budaya, sehingga demokrasi dapat berkembang secara button-up yang mengakomodir nilai-nilai luhur yang ada di dalam masyarakat Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: Mohammad Hatta, Kedaulatan Rakyat, Indonesia
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