RESPONSIBILITY FOR EXCESSIVE INFRASTRUCTURE DAMAGE IN ATTACKS: ANALYZING RUSSIA’S ATTACK IN UKRAINE
Abstract
Armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine escalated in 2022 after Russian President Putin decided to conduct a "special military operation" to strive to "demilitarize" and "denazification" Ukraine; the attacks caused various casualties, such as urban residential areas, communication, transportation, including an air strike and bombing civilian objects. In international humanitarian law, states must respect and ensure respect for the rules governing the conduct of hostilities, which include the principles of distinction, proportionality, and precaution. These principles aim to minimize the impact of armed conflicts on civilian populations and infrastructure. This study delved into the critical issue of responsibility concerning excessive infrastructure damage during armed conflicts, with a specific focus on Russia's attacks on Ukraine. The analysis highlighted the grave consequences of such attacks, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of the parties involved and the applicable international laws. The research aims to understand the concept of state responsibility of the State under international law and analyze the legal responsibility for Russian attacks that caused excessive infrastructure damage from an international law perspective. The research used normative legal research with a library research approach; the author collected and processed secondary data used as the primary legal source. The results showed that Russia's attacks on Ukraine breached international law. The research also found the severe consequences of such attacks and emphasized the significance of understanding the involved parties and applicable international laws. Promoting peace and preventing future conflicts necessitate holding aggressors accountable for infrastructure devastation. This study underscores the importance of international cooperation and enforcement of measures to ensure stability and security on a global scale.
Abstrak: Konflik bersenjata antara Rusia dan Ukraina semakin memanas di tahun 2022, setelah Presiden Rusia Putin memutuskan untuk melakukan "operasi militer khusus" untuk berusaha "demiliterisasi" dan "denazifikasi" Ukraina; serangan tersebut menyebabkan berbagai korban, seperti daerah pemukiman perkotaan, komunikasi, transportasi, termasuk serangan udara dan pengeboman infrastruktur sipil. Dalam hukum humaniter internasional, negara harus menghormati dan memastikan penghormatan terhadap aturan-aturan yang mengatur pelaksanaan permusuhan, yang meliputi prinsip-prinsip pembedaan, proporsionalitas, dan kehati-hatian. Prinsip-prinsip ini bertujuan untuk meminimalkan dampak konflik bersenjata terhadap penduduk sipil dan infrastruktur. Studi ini menggali isu kritis tentang tanggung jawab terkait kerusakan infrastruktur yang berlebihan selama konflik bersenjata, dengan fokus khusus pada serangan Rusia terhadap Ukraina. Analisis ini menyoroti konsekuensi serius dari serangan semacam itu, menekankan perlunya pemahaman yang komprehensif tentang pihak-pihak yang terlibat dan hukum internasional yang berlaku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami konsep tanggung jawab negara di bawah hukum internasional dan menganalisis tanggung jawab hukum atas serangan Rusia yang menyebabkan kerusakan infrastruktur yang berlebihan dari perspektif hukum internasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan penelitian kepustakaan, penulis mengumpulkan dan mengolah data sekunder yang digunakan sebagai sumber hukum primer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serangan Rusia ke Ukraina telah melanggar hukum internasional. Penelitian ini juga menyimpulkan akan adanya konsekuensi serius dari serangan tersebut dan menekankan pentingnya memahami pihak-pihak yang terlibat dan bagaimana aplikasi hukum internasional yang berlaku. Mempromosikan perdamaian dan mencegah konflik di masa depan perlu menjadi tanggungjawab semua pihak, termasuk negara-negara yang melakukan serangan yang mengakibatkan kehancuran infrastruktur. Penelitian ini juga menggarisbawahi pentingnya kerja sama internasional dan Langkah-langkah penegakan hukum untuk memastikan stabilitas dan keamanan dalam skala global.
Kata Kunci: konflik bersenjata, hukum internasional, tanggung jawab negara, kejahatan perang
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