ANALYSIS OF ABSOLUTE COMPETENCE OF DISTRICT COURTS AND SYARI’AH COURTS
Case Study In Adjudicating Jarimah Of Child Sexual Abuse In Aceh
Abstract
The District Court and Syari’ah Court (Mahkamah Syar’iyah) jurisdictions to deal with child sexual abuse cases have still overlapped. This issue generates legal uncertainty in the enforcement of Jinayat Law in Aceh. This study aims to analyze the resolution patterns over child sexual abuse cases in Aceh, the resolution patterns over child sexual abuse cases at District Courts, and the efforts to solve dualism issues of the courts in trying child sexual abuse cases in Aceh. This study employed a juridical-empirical method that attempts to analyze behaviors of law enforcement officials in handling sexual abuse cases in Aceh using case and statute approaches based on the rules and principles of law studies. The legal materials utilized in this study were Law, Qanun, Government Regulation, and Syari’ah Court and District Court Decisions. Data were analyzed qualitatively. The findings reveal that both District Courts and Syari’ah Courts still settle sexual abuse cases. The results also point out that the resolution patterns in adjudicating sexual abuse cases at District Courts are categorized into adult offenders and young offenders. The provisions stipulated in the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) are applied for adult offenders, while the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law is regulated for young offenders. The efforts to overcome dualism are generating new policies by the Supreme Court to delegate the authority to solve sexual abuse cases and other jinayat cases from District Courts to Syari’ah Courts, and the issuance of Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between Aceh Syari’ah Courts, Aceh Regional Police, Aceh High Prosecutor’s Office, and Aceh High Court governing the authorization limits over the settlement of jinayat cases.
Abstrak: Kewenangan mengadili kasus pelecehan seksual pada anak masih tumpang tindih antara Pengadilan Negeri dan Mahkamah Syar’iyah di Aceh. Hal ini menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dalam penegakan hukum jinayat di Aceh. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis pola penyelesaian kasus pelecehan seksual anak di Aceh, pola penyelesaian kasus pelecehan seksual di Pengadilan Negeri dan upaya menyelesaikan dualisme pengadilan dalam mengadili perkara pelecehan seksual terhadap anak di Aceh. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis empiris yang berusaha menganalisis prilaku aparat penegak hukum dalam menangani kasus pelecehan seksual di Aceh dengan menggunakan pendekatan kasus dan pendekatan konseptual sesuai dengan kaidah dan asas-asas dalam ilmu hukum. Bahan hukum yang digunakan UU, Qanun, Peraturan Pemerintah dan putusan hakim Mahkamah Syar’iyah dan putusan hakim Pengadilan Negeri. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penanganan kasus pelecehan seksual masih dipraktikkan di Pengadilan Negeri dan Mahkamah Syar’iyah. Pola penanganan kasus di pengadilan negeri dalam mengadili kasus pelecehan seksual dapat dikategori menjadi dua yaitu pelaku dewasa dan pelaku anak. Bagi pelaku dewasa menggunakan ketentuan sebagaimana yang diatur dalam KUHAP sementara bila anak yang melakukannya berpedoman pada UU Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Upaya mengakhiri dualisme adalah dengan melahirkan kebijakan baru oleh Mahkamah Agung untuk melimpahkan kewenangan penyelesaian kasus pelecehan seksual dan kasus jinayat lainnya dari Pengadilan Umum kepada Mahkamah Syar’iyah dan adanya MoU antara Mahkamah Syar’iyah Aceh, Kepolisian Daerah Aceh, Kejaksaan Tinggi Aceh dan Pengadilan Tinggi Aceh terkait batasan kewenangan penyelesaian perkara jinayat.
Kata Kunci: Kompetensi Mutlak, Pengadilan Negeri, Pengadilan Syari’ah, Mengadili Jarimah, Pelecehan Seksual Anak
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